Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and represents a significant global health concern. Infectious agents can be easily spread through respiratory droplets, and TB patients face a significant risk of mortality. The traditional sputum-based TB

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnmnyZ14A4wIn health systems, although there are many stakeholders with different interests (healthcare practitioners, policymakers, industry, patients and the public), many share the value of better health for all. However, when a decision needs to be made, it is not

Abstract Health technology faces rising costs, system complexities, and gaps between development and coverage policies, limiting translation into practice. Traditional health technology assessment (HTA) evaluates technologies at late stages, providing little support if a technology fails to secur

The research and development of new medicines is a lengthy and sequential process that spans more than a decade, culminating in regulatory approval based on evidence of quality, safety, and efficacy from clinical trial data. In Thailand, it takes nearly an additional decade for new medicines to be included in the Thailand National List of Essential

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing public health challenges worldwide. It occurs when antimicrobials—such as antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and antiparasitics—become ineffective against microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. This resistance can le