It is vital to have evidence-informed clinical practice guidelines or clinical indications to guide the usage of high-cost drugs in the benefits package under the Indonesian universal health coverage (JKN), managed by BPJS Kesehatan. A transparent and legit mechanism is required to support and mo

Kaemjira Vesjaroon started working at HITAP in December 2024 as a research assistant. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Economics from Chulalongkorn University. Her research interests include policy-driven research related to the efficiency of resource allocation within public health system, cost analysis, and health promotion. She is passionate abo

Chayapat Rachatan is currently a Project Associate at HITAP. She supports the HTA and health system research. Her research studies focus on COVID-19 policy research and decision support, effectiveness evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine chatbot, cost analysis of governance system in health sector, situational analysis of infectious disease modelling in

Abstract   Objectives: Since 1985, the international healthcare community has recommended the ideal rate of caesarean section (CS) to be 10%–15% at the national level. The literature has reported that overused CS without necessary medical indications can be harmful to both maternal and chil