The value of a Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) used to screen medicines for inclusion in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) in 2013 was 160,000 baht per QALY. Any medicines that cost less than this amount is considered to be cost-effective. However, is this figure consistent with publ

A concept on social determinants of health and the Ottawa Charter’s action areas for health promotion have drawn, in many countries, awareness to the health impacts resulting from a public policy. In Thailand, the issue was taken under consideration in the process of the National Health Systems Refo

Due to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in aging populations and the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that results from NCDs is a growing concern in Indonesia. With the target of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2019, public prov

Sildenafil is a treatment option for PAH patients that is found to offer an additional 1-3 life years gained for PAH patients compared to beraprost, currently the only treatment available in the benefit package under the National Social Health Insurance (Jaminan Kasehatan Nasional – JKN) of Indonesi

Primary care services are health services which are the first point of contact in the healthcare system and play a role in the health of the local population. The Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) project, which is managed by the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) and National Health Security Offic

The use of off-label medicines is an unexplored area for healthcare priority setting, though it is common practice in countries and can have a significant positive or negative effect on health outcomes and the efficiency of health care systems. It is therefore important to have a rational an

In Bhutan, respiratory infections are some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs, is among the top 10 common causes of children’s death in the country. Not only does it impose costs on society that may not be immediately visible (e.g. produ

The evaluation of public health in Thailand is conducted via the National Health Examination Survey (NHES). This programme has been implemented since 1991 and serves as an important source of health data due to comprehensive and accurate medical examinations conducted by medical personnel – which ar

People with hearing loss who are registered under the Universal Health Coverage scheme areeligible to receive hearing aids from hospitals free-of-charge. However, the costs associated with this policy after having received the hearing aids must still be borne by users such as hearing aid maintenance

Cetuximab is provided for mCRC patients with positive KRAS wild type, and also head and neck cancer patients as indicated in the Indonesian National Drug Formulary. However, currently, it is also used for indications not specified in the National Drug Formulary. Adding cetuximab to chemothera