Highlights

• Storage tanks and wastewater treatment systems were identified as the primary sources of benzene and 1,3-butadiene emissions.
• AERMOD modeling showed VOC hotspots near industries, exposing nearby communities despite overall regulatory compliance.
• Traffic emissions alone exceeded limits at one site, emphasizing the need to control vehicular pollution.

Original source: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100409